Clinical epidemiology 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Clinical epidemiology 2 - Assignment Example Breast cancer cells may be hormone-dependent while some can lie dormant in tissues for a very long time, as long as thirty years, after removal of the primary tumor (Lipkus et al, 2001). Some illnesses may act as catalysts in the progression of the disease in the body (Gail & Rimer, 1998). Consequently, this implies that even with earlier detection and treatment, there can be a risk of recurrence during the entire life of the patient. However, with early screening, it is possible to detect these cells before they start causing symptoms (Schonberg   et al, 2014; Siegel et al, 2012). Once the disease symptoms start showing, the tumors are mostly larger and will have likely spread to other parts beyond the breast. In contrast, breast cancer cells found earlier through screening are likely smaller and their presence is still limited to the breasts thus their spread is much easier to curtail, for example, through prophylactic surgery (Freedman, 2010; Nelson,  2012). At the point of detection, it is easier to estimate the prognosis of breast cancer. The size of the tumor and how far it has spread are vital indicators of predicting prognosis and are almost entirely dependent on the time of detection of the cancer (Siegel et al, 2012). Screening enables detection of the disease in early stages and hence it is possible to reverse the spread of the disease. Consequently, screening improves survival rates among breast cancer patients. The proportion of the population affected by breast cancer is a pointer to the importance of screening the at-risk population. According to studies, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and causes the second highest number of deaths in the US (Smith et al, 2013). Health statistics indicate that out of every 8 women, one will develop a severe form of breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. In 2014 alone, close to quarter million cases of new breast cancer cases were expected to

GREAT EVENTS IN HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GREAT EVENTS IN HISTORY - Essay Example My beliefs on matters of justice and injustice I developed a belief that the world is still divided on issues to do with religion on matters relating to justice and injustice. As a female Muslim student, studying in a Christian dominated country, I have severally passed through thorough scrutiny, as compared to the rest of my American counterparts, when it comes to security checks when I visit some shopping malls in the city. I realized that some people relate Islam to terror and violence, thus, treating Muslims with utmost keenness. It made me develop a belief that the world is not fair to Muslims on issues relating to segregation based on terrorism and violence. I feel that the world treats Islamic religion unfairly because not all Muslims are terrorists. There is injustice in the treatment of Muslims by Christians in other countries that are not Islam dominated. This leads to isolation as a course of the discrimination. Whenever such happens to me, I feel it is a religious injusti ce and maybe even racial because, it is easy to recognize a Muslim who is of Arabic descent, as I am, from other Muslims in the USA. Matters of justice and injustice The death penalty It is an injustice to deny someone the right to live simply because of committing a capital crime; this is from my school of thought as an individual. The Sharia law advocates for death as a punishment to a heinous crime committers, Islam as a religion does support it basing on Sharia laws. The punishment for a crime like murder in Saudi Arabia is death by beheading in public; therefore, I believe that the death penalty is an injustice since it goes against everyone’s right to life, despite the mistake he or she has done. This is because, the penalty deprives the victims a chance to learn from the previous crimes they committed, so to me it serves no meaning at all. My religion, Islam, condones death penalty for various crimes committed, but, as an individual, I totally disagree with the stand. In Saudi Arabia, which is my country, death penalty, also called capital punishment, bases on Islamic Sharia law and has a wide range of crimes. The offences leading to its use vary from rape, murder, armed robbery, adultery and purported witchcraft. I do not support any of these crimes but I feel it is not right for a human being to lose a life for having committed any of these crimes. Criminals can undergo punishment in various ways apart from facing the death penalty in various ways. I strongly disagree with the Sharia law for necessitating capital punishment as a punishment for a capital crime. Many countries across the world do not subscribe to the use of capital punishment/death penalty as a means of punishing criminals. This is because; it is an injustice to humanity and a deprivation of an individual’s right to life. Gay rights Secondly, the issuance of gay rights is an injustice to the moral virtues and a defilement of my beliefs as a Muslim. I do not subscribe to ho mosexuality, lesbianism or bisexuality because, all this go against the teachings of the Quran. The Quran prohibits homosexuality because it goes against the natural order, ruins marriages, and makes individuals disregard God in other spheres of life (Stein & Marc 57). I think gays should not have the right to practice this dirty act anywhere in the world. As a Muslim, I feel like it is absolute immorality and going against the societal values and expectations. Gay